No, Trump no es como Hitler (aunque lo parezca)
Periódicos y revistas, manifestantes, caricaturistas, tertulianos e incluso una alcaldesa de Madrid… La lista de quienes ven en Donald Trump al nuevo Adolf Hitler no ha dejado de crecer desde antes incluso de ser el presidente de los Estados Unidos.
Su discurso, en el que hay elementos xenófobos, racistas, ultranacionalistas y proteccionistas, por citar sólo algunos, y sus actos, con medidas como el veto migratorio que discrimina de modo directo a los inmigrantes y refugiados procedentes de determinados países, han dado munición abundante a quienes identifican al nuevo mandatario estadounidense con uno de los personajes más crueles y dañinos de la Historia. Y eso que sólo lleva dos semanas en el cargo.
Mike Godwin, el autor de la famosa 'ley Godwin' según la cual cuanto más se alargue una discusión en Internet, más probabilidades hay de que Hitler salga a relucir, lo vio venir en 2015 y publicó un artículo en The Washington Post afirmando, en referencia a Trump, que no siempre las comparaciones son desatinadas.
Pero los historiadores contemplan con escepticismo estos ejercicios de andar por casa en historia comparada. Julián Casanova, prestigioso catedrático de Historia Contemporánea en la Universidad de Zaragoza y especialista en violencia política, reconoce que “la Historia rima a veces” pero echa de menos “el rigor” necesario en este tipo de análisis.
¿Mein Trumpf?
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Javier Rodrigo, profesor e investigador en Historia Contemporánea de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, admite que incluso bromea en clase con la “Reductio at Hitlerum”, que consiste en asemejar cualquier elemento con Hitler para descalificarlo automáticamente. Casanova, Rodrigo y los profesores José Ramón Díez Espinosa, de la Universidad de Valladolid y José María Faraldo, de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, analizan si existe base histórica para una de las comparaciones más manidas de los últimos días.
DE LAS OPINIONES A LA HISTORIA COMPARADA
¿Existe esa base? Javier Rodrigo es quien primero mete baza: “Puestos a buscar, y más en tiempo de wikipedización del conocimiento, parece que existe base histórica para casi cualquier cosa”. Pero el profesor se resiste: “No soy un defensor de Trump (...) Pero de ahí a situarlo en la misma posición que Hitler, la identificación universal del mal absoluto, del loco sanguinario responsable de Auschwitz, el fanático ultranacionalista, creo que aún va un trecho”.
Casanova coincide con esta idea y afirma que el resultado de la aplicación del método de la historia comparada no tiene que nada que ver “con la opinión que emita una persona, sea un tertuliano, un responsable político o cualquiera de nosotros”.
ANTES DE COMPARAR, ATENDED A LOS PROCESOS
“Se están asemejando”, asevera el profesor, dos procesos que son completamente distintos, ya que Hitler tiene que ver con un proceso que engloba, entre otras cosas, las consecuencias del Pacto de Versalles, una democracia todavía en mantillas, una crisis de identidad en Europa por el fin de los grandes imperios…”.
La idea común de los historiadores es que aquel mundo tenía poco que ver con el nuestro, a pesar de que haya quien señala que “nuestra” Europa asiste a una crisis identitaria, a una oleada nacionalista y a un desapego democrático parecidos a los que alumbraron e hicieron posible el triunfo del nazismo. No son coincidencias verdaderas, porque el Estado Unidos que comanda Trump no comparte ningún rasgo con la Alemania de Weimar en la que Hitler se impuso.
Aquel régimen era, según el profesor Díez Espinosa, especialista en este período, “una construcción política incapaz de defender el interés nacional ante la voracidad occidental de Versalles, la ocupación extranjera de una parte del territorio nacional, o de conservar la seguridad y la certidumbre de clases medias y burguesas ante el desplome del valor de su moneda; una fábrica de millones de desempleados que apenas encuentran amparo en un seguro de desempleo tan novedoso como insuficiente”.
LA EXPLICACIÓN A TRUMP NO ESTÁ EN LA EUROPA DE ENTREGUERRAS
Está bien, los procesos relacionados con Trump y Hitler no son ni siquiera parecidos… ¿pero qué hay de su ideología y sus políticas? Racismo, cierre de fronteras, ataques a la prensa, búsqueda de un enemigo común… A priori no se puede negar que uno y otro son muy parecidos, ¿no? Los historiadores tampoco pasan por esa.
“Todos esos elementos entroncan perfectamente con una tradición del conservadurismo republicano más extremo. No hace falta mirar a la Europa de Entreguerras para explicarlo”, apunta Javier Rodrigo. Y Casanova incide: “Si se analiza la historia de los Estados Unidos, se ve que buena parte de lo que Trump está diciendo está ahí, en la tradición política americana: el proteccionismo, el América para los americanos, la lucha por los derechos civiles, las teorías sobre el papel del Estado…”.
Tampoco las primeras medidas de Trump le emparentan con Hitler. Rodrigo detalla a qué se dedicó el genocida tras su llegada al poder: “Hitler y el NSDAP desmontaron el Estado y la legislación de Weimar desde su misma llegada al poder, con la Ley Habilitante, así como toda la arquitectura institucional y política alemana, prohibiendo los partidos políticos y centralizando todos los poderes, permitiendo así (si se me permite la simplificación) la creación, purgas internas mediante, de un Estado dentro del Estado, el de las SS”.
Lemas de las protestas anti-Trump
Formal portrait of German Chancellor (fuhrer) Adolf Hitler on his forty-fifth birthday. (Photo by Time Life Pictures/Mansell/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
BERLIN, GERMANY: Undated and unlocated picture of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) After Hitler was made Chancellor in January 1933 he suspended the constitution, silenced opposition, exploited successfully the burning of the Reichstag (P...
An undated picture shows nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler posing with Paul von Hindenburg (R, 1925-1934), President of the Republic of Weimar. Woman at left is unidentified. AFP PHOTO // FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
An undated picture shows nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler followed by commander-in-chief Hermann Goering (2nd L) and head of the SS Heinrich Himmler (3rd L) marching in Berlin next to the hotel Excelsior which was Hitler's base in the city in the ea...
Neudeck, Germany, 3rd July, 1933, Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler stands with President Von Hindenburg after their meeting (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
Germany - 20th century - Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) - Hitler delivers a radio speech to German people (1933)
A picture taken on June 14, 1934 in Venice shows German Chancellor and Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler (R) shaking hands with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. AFP PHOTO FRANCE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
UNITED KINGDOM - CIRCA 1934: Painting of Adolph Hitler, sitting, in uniform. - Date of Photo: 1934 - 1944 (Photo by Studio Villani/Alinari via Getty Images)
6th September 1934, German Chancellor and Nazi leader Adolf Hitler addresses the Nuremberg Nazi congress (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
19th December 1934: German chancellor Adolf Hitler salutes a crowd of 60,000 at a Hitler Youth rally at Nuremberg. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)
GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 08: Adolf Hitler shakes the hand of the bishop Ludwig Muller during the National Socialist Congress held in Nuremberg in 1934 - Date of Photo: 8 Settembre 1934 (Photo by Societe' du Petit Parisien Dupuy & C.ie, Paris/Alinari ...
UNSPECIFIED - CIRCA 1935: Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). (Photo by Roger Viollet/Getty Images)
UNITED KINGDOM - CIRCA 1935: Adolf Hitler photographed with Hermann Roechling and other Nazi leaders - Date of Photo: 1940 ca. (Photo by Unidentified Author/Alinari via Getty Images)
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler pictured at his Obersalzberg, Bavaria Home, 5th April 1935 (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
Fuhrer and Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler waving the ships on parade of the German Navy. Sailors in a lifeboat respond to the salute raising oars. Germany, June 1935 (Photo by Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
10th April 1935: Prussian premier and Reich Air Minister Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946) (R) and his bride, German actor Emmy Sonnemann (1893 - 1973), are joined by German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (L) at a banquet table during their weddi...
BERLIN - AUGUST 1: Adolf Hitler and his staff salute the teams during the opening ceremonies of the XI Olympic Games on August 1, 936 in Berlin, Germany. (Photo by Getty Images)
One million people gather in Berlin's Olympic Stadium and adjoining Mayfield, 28 September 1937, to hear speeches of German führer Adolf Hitler and Italian leader Benito Mussolini, who claim the alliance between Italy and Germany. Benito Mussol...
NUREMBERG, GERMANY - JANUARY 1: A picture dated 1936 showing German chancellor Adolf Hitler leaving the Nuremberg Party Congress. // Photo datTe de 1936 du chancelier Adolf Hitler quittant le congrFs du parti nazi a Nuremberg. (Photo credit shou...
A picture dated 1936 shows German Chancellor and nazi dictator Adolf Hitler shaking hands with young Harald Quandt (1921-1967) in his uniform of the Hitlerian Youth Movement. Harald Quandt was Magda Goebbels' son from her first marriage with ind...
A picture taken in September 1937, in Munich, shows German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) riding in a car with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini while the crowd gives the fascist salute. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AF...
BERLIN, GERMANY: Undated and unlocated picture of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (C,1889-1945) with Joseph Goebbels (R), Hitler's enthusiastic supporter. After Hitler was made Chancellor in January 1933, he appointed Goebbels head of the Ministry of...
Nazism - Germany - 20th century - Nazi gathering in Weimar - Adolf Hitler during the divisions parade - Rudolf Hess standing by the car (1936)
GERMANY:Undated and unlocated picture of German Chancellor and 'Reichsfnhrer' (chief) Adolf Hitler relaxing with his mistress Eva Braun. (Photo credit should read AFP/Getty Images)
During a ceremony in remembrance of 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (center, back to camera) shakes hands with a uniformed Nazi party member as others stand at attention in front of one of the tw...
10th November 1937: Nazi dictator, Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) and Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946), leading a procession of Nazis to the Munich Burgerbrau Cellar, to celebrate the Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
Top Nazi Party members march in remembrance of 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, Munich, Germany, November 9, 1938. Front row, from left, Friedrich Weber, Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946), Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945), Ulrich Graf, and unidentified; back row, A...
GERMANY - NOVEMBER 08: Hitler speaks at the Burgerbraukeller in Munich Germany November 8th or 9th, 1938 celebration in remembrance of the Putsch. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Lowenbraukeller, Munich during the Putsch commemoration. Novemeber 8 or 9th, 1938. Hitler (L), Graf (2nd R), and others. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
German victory parade in Warsaw. Hitler, two unidentifieds, Keitel behind them, and General Blaskowitz, and General Kesselring. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Third Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler talking with the apostolic Nuncio Monsignor Cesare Orsenigo during a reception. Berlin, December 1939 (Photo by Heinrich Hoffmann/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (R) with Emmy Goering (C) talking to a baby hold by a nun. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (L) receives Italian Governor of Lybia Italo Balbo (C) at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden on August 13, 1938. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (4th L) is seen with Admiral Miklos Horthy (2nd L), Regent of Hungary, during the launching ceremonies of the 'Prinz Eugen' cruiser in Kiel on August 22, 1938. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit shou...
An undated picture shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler in a plane looking at a map with Governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland, Hans Frank in the background. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (C) consulting a geographical survey map with his general staff including Heinrich Himmler (L) and Martin Bormann (R) at an unlocated place during World War II. AFP PHOT...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (3rd R) confering with leader of the SS Heinrich Himmler (right of Hitler) and other high rank officers of his general staff during a military campaign at the beginning ...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (4th L, no uniform) having lunch with high rank officers of his general staff during a military campaign at the beginning of World War II. Nazi Field Marshal Wilhelm Kei...
GERMANY - DECEMBER 22: Hitler Visiting The Soldiers Of The Wehrmacht After The Western Air Raid In September In Germany On December 22Nd 1941 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Nazi leader German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) shakes hands with Spanish Generalissimo Francisco Franco at Hendaye train station on the French-Spanish border 23 October 1940. (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi leader Adolf Hitler meets with Spanish facist leader Francisco Franco, in October 1940, in an unlocated place. (Photo credit should read OFF/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture taken in June 1940 during World War II at Langemark German cemetery, nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler pays tribute to German soldiers fallen during the First World War as he visits the German troops on the border between France and Belgium...
French Head of State Philippe Petain (L) shakes hands with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in Montoire-sur-le-Loir, western France, on October 24, 1940 during talks at the end of which Petain agreed to Hitler's conditions including the collaborat...
An undated and unlocated picture shows German Nazi chancellor Adolf Hitler receiving flowers from little children. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler with his German Shepherd dog. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
BERLIN, GERMANY - MAY 1: German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (3rd R) gives a Heil Hitler salute to the crowd from a balcony with German Foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (L), Italian Foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano (2nd L), Commander of the L...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (2nd L) and Italian Duce Benito Mussolini smiling from a balcony with the Italian Kingdom's flag in the background. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should r...
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) informs Czech President Emil Hácha of the imminent German invasion of Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939 in Berlin. Threatening a Luftwaffe attack on Prague, Hitler persuaded Hácha to order the capitulatio...
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler looks out from a window of Prague Castle on March 17, 1939 two days after the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Third Reich's army. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler and his army parade in Prague on March 15, 1939 day of the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Wehrmacht. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler giving the nazi salute during a rally next to 'Deputy Furhrer' Rudolf Hess. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler and high rank nazi officers lincluding Hermann Goering (4th R) looking at the three-dimensional map of some countryside. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR / Ordnance Survey map (Photo ...
A picture taken on November 24, 1938 shows the wax figure of German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler having his moustache combed by a hairdresser at Madame Tussauds Wax museum in London. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP...
FILE - In this July 31, 1938, file photo German Chancellor Adolf Hitler salutes a huge crowd at a sports meeting in Breslau, Germany. Former Liberian President Charles Taylor is part of a long parade of leaders guilty or accused of similar, and ...
FILE - The May 22, 1939 file photo shows, from left, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop; Chief of the German navy, Grand Admiral Dr. H.C. Erich Raeder; Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano; Chief of the German army, Colonel ...
German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) sits with other Nazi Party officials at a Christmas party for of Waffen SS (or Schutzstaffel) officer cadets at the Lowenbraukeller. Munich, Germany, December 18...
GERMANY - DECEMBER 11: Speech Of The Fuhrer During The Assembly Of The Reichstags In Berlin-Germany On December 11St 1941 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Hitler at funeral of NSKK leader Adolf Huenlein. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Hitler's 54th birthday; the Philharmonie. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
April 1943: German Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler planning his next move. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Chancellor Adolf Hitler leaving the Headquarters of the Armies accompanied by Field Marshal Hans von Kluge. Russia, March 1943 (Photo by Heinrich Hoffmann/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) with Gertrud Forster, born Deetz, the wife of Albert Forster (1902 - 1952), Gauleiter of Danzig, at the Teehaus Moslahnerkopf, Berchtesgaden, Germany, 1943. (Photo by Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images)
UNSPECIFIED - OCTOBER 13: The Fuhrer Adolf Hitler Visiting His Headquarters And Congratulating Heinrich Himmler (Right), Head Of The Ss And The Gestapo, For His 43Rd Birthday, On October 13, 1943. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Get...
Austrian-born German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (left) greets his Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels (1987 - 1945) a few hours after Hitler survived an assassination attempt by members of the Ge...
GERMANY - MAY 02: National Funeral Of General Colonel Hube In Berlin-Germany On May 2Nd 1944 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Austrian-born German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (foreground, left) visits with officers wounded in the July 20 attempt to assassinate Hitler by members of the German military, Germany, late July,...
14th October 1944: German dictator Adolf Hitler at various moments during his delivery of a speech. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
GERMANY - JULY 20: (L-R) Deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, German officer Paul Schmidt and Adolf Hitler survey damage at Hitler's bunker HQ Wolfschanze, aka the Wolf's Lair, hours after a failed bombing attempt on his life by members of...
BERLIN, GERMANY - OCTOBER 1: Undated and unlocated picture of one of Adolf Hitler 's dogs facing his master's photo.
6th July 1945: A bust of Adolf Hitler lies amidst the ruins of the Chancellery, Berlin. (Photo by Reg Speller/Fox Photos/Getty Images)
BERLIN, GERMANY: Paul von Hindenburg, 85, (L), German general and President (1847-1934) poses with the flamboyant Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) 30 January 1933 in Berlin after Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Hitler...
Formal portrait of German Chancellor (fuhrer) Adolf Hitler on his forty-fifth birthday. (Photo by Time Life Pictures/Mansell/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
BERLIN, GERMANY: Undated and unlocated picture of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) After Hitler was made Chancellor in January 1933 he suspended the constitution, silenced opposition, exploited successfully the burning of the Reichstag (P...
An undated picture shows nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler posing with Paul von Hindenburg (R, 1925-1934), President of the Republic of Weimar. Woman at left is unidentified. AFP PHOTO // FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
An undated picture shows nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler followed by commander-in-chief Hermann Goering (2nd L) and head of the SS Heinrich Himmler (3rd L) marching in Berlin next to the hotel Excelsior which was Hitler's base in the city in the ea...
Neudeck, Germany, 3rd July, 1933, Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler stands with President Von Hindenburg after their meeting (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
Germany - 20th century - Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) - Hitler delivers a radio speech to German people (1933)
A picture taken on June 14, 1934 in Venice shows German Chancellor and Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler (R) shaking hands with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. AFP PHOTO FRANCE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
UNITED KINGDOM - CIRCA 1934: Painting of Adolph Hitler, sitting, in uniform. - Date of Photo: 1934 - 1944 (Photo by Studio Villani/Alinari via Getty Images)
6th September 1934, German Chancellor and Nazi leader Adolf Hitler addresses the Nuremberg Nazi congress (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
19th December 1934: German chancellor Adolf Hitler salutes a crowd of 60,000 at a Hitler Youth rally at Nuremberg. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)
GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 08: Adolf Hitler shakes the hand of the bishop Ludwig Muller during the National Socialist Congress held in Nuremberg in 1934 - Date of Photo: 8 Settembre 1934 (Photo by Societe' du Petit Parisien Dupuy & C.ie, Paris/Alinari ...
UNSPECIFIED - CIRCA 1935: Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). (Photo by Roger Viollet/Getty Images)
UNITED KINGDOM - CIRCA 1935: Adolf Hitler photographed with Hermann Roechling and other Nazi leaders - Date of Photo: 1940 ca. (Photo by Unidentified Author/Alinari via Getty Images)
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler pictured at his Obersalzberg, Bavaria Home, 5th April 1935 (Photo by Popperfoto/Getty Images)
Fuhrer and Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler waving the ships on parade of the German Navy. Sailors in a lifeboat respond to the salute raising oars. Germany, June 1935 (Photo by Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
10th April 1935: Prussian premier and Reich Air Minister Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946) (R) and his bride, German actor Emmy Sonnemann (1893 - 1973), are joined by German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (L) at a banquet table during their weddi...
BERLIN - AUGUST 1: Adolf Hitler and his staff salute the teams during the opening ceremonies of the XI Olympic Games on August 1, 936 in Berlin, Germany. (Photo by Getty Images)
One million people gather in Berlin's Olympic Stadium and adjoining Mayfield, 28 September 1937, to hear speeches of German führer Adolf Hitler and Italian leader Benito Mussolini, who claim the alliance between Italy and Germany. Benito Mussol...
NUREMBERG, GERMANY - JANUARY 1: A picture dated 1936 showing German chancellor Adolf Hitler leaving the Nuremberg Party Congress. // Photo datTe de 1936 du chancelier Adolf Hitler quittant le congrFs du parti nazi a Nuremberg. (Photo credit shou...
A picture dated 1936 shows German Chancellor and nazi dictator Adolf Hitler shaking hands with young Harald Quandt (1921-1967) in his uniform of the Hitlerian Youth Movement. Harald Quandt was Magda Goebbels' son from her first marriage with ind...
A picture taken in September 1937, in Munich, shows German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) riding in a car with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini while the crowd gives the fascist salute. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AF...
BERLIN, GERMANY: Undated and unlocated picture of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (C,1889-1945) with Joseph Goebbels (R), Hitler's enthusiastic supporter. After Hitler was made Chancellor in January 1933, he appointed Goebbels head of the Ministry of...
Nazism - Germany - 20th century - Nazi gathering in Weimar - Adolf Hitler during the divisions parade - Rudolf Hess standing by the car (1936)
GERMANY:Undated and unlocated picture of German Chancellor and 'Reichsfnhrer' (chief) Adolf Hitler relaxing with his mistress Eva Braun. (Photo credit should read AFP/Getty Images)
During a ceremony in remembrance of 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (center, back to camera) shakes hands with a uniformed Nazi party member as others stand at attention in front of one of the tw...
10th November 1937: Nazi dictator, Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) and Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946), leading a procession of Nazis to the Munich Burgerbrau Cellar, to celebrate the Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
Top Nazi Party members march in remembrance of 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, Munich, Germany, November 9, 1938. Front row, from left, Friedrich Weber, Hermann Goering (1893 - 1946), Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945), Ulrich Graf, and unidentified; back row, A...
GERMANY - NOVEMBER 08: Hitler speaks at the Burgerbraukeller in Munich Germany November 8th or 9th, 1938 celebration in remembrance of the Putsch. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Lowenbraukeller, Munich during the Putsch commemoration. Novemeber 8 or 9th, 1938. Hitler (L), Graf (2nd R), and others. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
German victory parade in Warsaw. Hitler, two unidentifieds, Keitel behind them, and General Blaskowitz, and General Kesselring. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Third Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler talking with the apostolic Nuncio Monsignor Cesare Orsenigo during a reception. Berlin, December 1939 (Photo by Heinrich Hoffmann/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (R) with Emmy Goering (C) talking to a baby hold by a nun. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (L) receives Italian Governor of Lybia Italo Balbo (C) at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden on August 13, 1938. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (4th L) is seen with Admiral Miklos Horthy (2nd L), Regent of Hungary, during the launching ceremonies of the 'Prinz Eugen' cruiser in Kiel on August 22, 1938. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit shou...
An undated picture shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler in a plane looking at a map with Governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland, Hans Frank in the background. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (C) consulting a geographical survey map with his general staff including Heinrich Himmler (L) and Martin Bormann (R) at an unlocated place during World War II. AFP PHOT...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (3rd R) confering with leader of the SS Heinrich Himmler (right of Hitler) and other high rank officers of his general staff during a military campaign at the beginning ...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (4th L, no uniform) having lunch with high rank officers of his general staff during a military campaign at the beginning of World War II. Nazi Field Marshal Wilhelm Kei...
GERMANY - DECEMBER 22: Hitler Visiting The Soldiers Of The Wehrmacht After The Western Air Raid In September In Germany On December 22Nd 1941 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Nazi leader German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) shakes hands with Spanish Generalissimo Francisco Franco at Hendaye train station on the French-Spanish border 23 October 1940. (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi leader Adolf Hitler meets with Spanish facist leader Francisco Franco, in October 1940, in an unlocated place. (Photo credit should read OFF/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture taken in June 1940 during World War II at Langemark German cemetery, nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler pays tribute to German soldiers fallen during the First World War as he visits the German troops on the border between France and Belgium...
French Head of State Philippe Petain (L) shakes hands with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in Montoire-sur-le-Loir, western France, on October 24, 1940 during talks at the end of which Petain agreed to Hitler's conditions including the collaborat...
An undated and unlocated picture shows German Nazi chancellor Adolf Hitler receiving flowers from little children. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler with his German Shepherd dog. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
BERLIN, GERMANY - MAY 1: German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (3rd R) gives a Heil Hitler salute to the crowd from a balcony with German Foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (L), Italian Foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano (2nd L), Commander of the L...
A picture dated 1939 shows German nazi Chancellor and dictator Adolf Hitler (2nd L) and Italian Duce Benito Mussolini smiling from a balcony with the Italian Kingdom's flag in the background. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should r...
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler (R) informs Czech President Emil Hácha of the imminent German invasion of Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939 in Berlin. Threatening a Luftwaffe attack on Prague, Hitler persuaded Hácha to order the capitulatio...
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler looks out from a window of Prague Castle on March 17, 1939 two days after the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Third Reich's army. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
German nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler and his army parade in Prague on March 15, 1939 day of the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Wehrmacht. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler giving the nazi salute during a rally next to 'Deputy Furhrer' Rudolf Hess. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
A picture dated 1939 shows German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler and high rank nazi officers lincluding Hermann Goering (4th R) looking at the three-dimensional map of some countryside. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR / Ordnance Survey map (Photo ...
A picture taken on November 24, 1938 shows the wax figure of German Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler having his moustache combed by a hairdresser at Madame Tussauds Wax museum in London. AFP PHOTO / FRANCE PRESSE VOIR (Photo credit should read -/AFP...
FILE - In this July 31, 1938, file photo German Chancellor Adolf Hitler salutes a huge crowd at a sports meeting in Breslau, Germany. Former Liberian President Charles Taylor is part of a long parade of leaders guilty or accused of similar, and ...
FILE - The May 22, 1939 file photo shows, from left, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop; Chief of the German navy, Grand Admiral Dr. H.C. Erich Raeder; Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano; Chief of the German army, Colonel ...
German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) sits with other Nazi Party officials at a Christmas party for of Waffen SS (or Schutzstaffel) officer cadets at the Lowenbraukeller. Munich, Germany, December 18...
GERMANY - DECEMBER 11: Speech Of The Fuhrer During The Assembly Of The Reichstags In Berlin-Germany On December 11St 1941 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Hitler at funeral of NSKK leader Adolf Huenlein. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
Hitler's 54th birthday; the Philharmonie. (Photo by Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
April 1943: German Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler planning his next move. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Chancellor Adolf Hitler leaving the Headquarters of the Armies accompanied by Field Marshal Hans von Kluge. Russia, March 1943 (Photo by Heinrich Hoffmann/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images)
Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) with Gertrud Forster, born Deetz, the wife of Albert Forster (1902 - 1952), Gauleiter of Danzig, at the Teehaus Moslahnerkopf, Berchtesgaden, Germany, 1943. (Photo by Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images)
UNSPECIFIED - OCTOBER 13: The Fuhrer Adolf Hitler Visiting His Headquarters And Congratulating Heinrich Himmler (Right), Head Of The Ss And The Gestapo, For His 43Rd Birthday, On October 13, 1943. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Get...
Austrian-born German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (left) greets his Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels (1987 - 1945) a few hours after Hitler survived an assassination attempt by members of the Ge...
GERMANY - MAY 02: National Funeral Of General Colonel Hube In Berlin-Germany On May 2Nd 1944 (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
Austrian-born German Fuhrer and Reichskanzler (essentially Chancellor) Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945) (foreground, left) visits with officers wounded in the July 20 attempt to assassinate Hitler by members of the German military, Germany, late July,...
14th October 1944: German dictator Adolf Hitler at various moments during his delivery of a speech. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
GERMANY - JULY 20: (L-R) Deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, German officer Paul Schmidt and Adolf Hitler survey damage at Hitler's bunker HQ Wolfschanze, aka the Wolf's Lair, hours after a failed bombing attempt on his life by members of...
BERLIN, GERMANY - OCTOBER 1: Undated and unlocated picture of one of Adolf Hitler 's dogs facing his master's photo.
Y lanza una cuestión clave: “Cabe preguntarse realmente si es eso lo que está haciendo Trump: ¿desmontar el aparato legislativo, la arquitectura institucional democrática, crear un régimen de partido único, vincular toda decisión a su principio de autoridad?”.
LA NATURALEZA DEL PODER Y SU HUELLA SOBRE EL MUNDO
El profesor Faraldo ahonda en la idea de que la naturaleza de las políticas de Trump y Hitler son claramente distintas: “Hitler tenía un proyecto imperial, racial, no estaba simplemente escapando y aislándose, algo típico de EEUU hasta 1941, y a lo que Trump y mucha gente quieren volver. Hitler quería intervenir, conquistar; Trump quiere cerrar su país a los inconvenientes (y las ventajas) de la globalización”.
Eso es, precisamente, lo que a sus ojos dota a Trump de una capacidad de dejar huella a corto plazo mayor de la que tuvo Hitler, porque este último “hasta 1939 iba consiguiendo lo que a buena parte de la opinión pública internacional les parecía justo, tras la clarísimamente injusta paz de Versalles”.
Desde otra perspectiva, Javier Rodrigo llega a una apreciación similar: “Trump no es el resultado de Versalles, de la Gran Depresión, de la crisis de las democracias. Trump es, creo, el constructor de la reacción frente al complejo mundo de la globalización y la gobernanza que algunos creían ya post-nacional, pero que se ha revelado aún nacional, muy nacional: America first”.
Julián Casanova, quien se muestra seguro de que Trump es tan peculiar que pronto se acuñará y estudiará el concepto trumpismo, concluye con una reflexión sobre el nuevo presidente y las corrientes ideológicas que lo han colocado en el Despacho Oval. Quizás, en lugar de compararlo con Hitler, sea más adecuado “preguntarse por qué se ha producido, y justo después de la presidencia de Obama, lo contrario de lo que de manera optimista creíamos que iba a ocurrir: el mundo convirtiéndose en una gran ciudad sin fronteras”.
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