Cuidado con el precio de la luz. La factura marca un nuevo máximo este mes, con 62,94 euros, un 3,6 % más que el mes pasado. Y eso que la de mayo ya fue la más cara del año. En estos momentos, está un 37,7% por encima del de junio de 2020, cuando España estaba aún bajo el primer estado de alarma por la pandemia, y un 21,8 % más alto que el del mismo mes de 2019.
El recibo de la luz sigue su senda alcista por el alza de los precios en el mercado mayorista, que siguen condicionados por los elevados precios del gas (utilizado para producir electricidad en los ciclos combinados) y de los derechos de emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2).
Además este mes ha sido el primero en el que se ha aplicado el nuevo sistema tarifario que establece tres tramos de discriminación horaria y la posibilidad de tener dos potencias diarias distintas, unos cambios que hacen difícil una comparación exacta entre la factura de junio y las de los meses y años anteriores.
Este mes ha sido el primero en el que se ha aplicado el nuevo sistema tarifario
Aun así, según datos obtenidos del simulador de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), para un consumidor tipo -con una potencia contratada de 4,4 kilovatios, un consumo mensual de 250 kilovatios hora (KWh) al mes (distribuido en 70 KWh en horario punta, 60 KWh en horario llano y 120 KWh en valle), acogido a la tarifa regulada o PVPC-, el recibo de este mes será de 65,30 euros.
Esta cantidad supone 2,36 euros más que la factura de mayo, que ya fue la más alta del año para ese consumidor tipo; 17,88 euros más que la de junio de 2020 y 11,7 euros mayor que la del mismo mes de 2019, cuando aún no había empezado la pandemia.
El precio medio del mercado mayorista en junio, que tiene un peso en la factura de la luz del 24%, ha sido de 83,80 euros/megavatio hora (MWh), el más alto de un mes de junio desde que hay registros, según los analistas del grupo de consultoría energética ASE.
La subida ha sido de un 24,9% desde mayo y es un 84% superior a la media de los últimos cinco años en un mes de junio, además de casi triplicar (172%) el atípico precio que hubo en junio de 2020, un mes en el que durante 20 días España aún permaneció bajo estado de alarma para frenar la pandemia de coronavirus.
Los precios vienen marcados por la mayor utilización de los ciclos combinados de gas
Los precios vienen marcados por la mayor utilización de los ciclos combinados de gas -la tecnología más cara y que marca el precio para todas las demás en el mercado mayorista-, que en este mes de junio han aportado el 17% de toda la electricidad y ha sido la tercera fuente del ‘mix’ eléctrico de producción.
El alto precio del gas tiene un impacto directo en la subida de la electricidad de más de 35 euros/MWh, lo que le hace el responsable del 90% del encarecimiento de la luz en el primer semestre de 2021.
A ello se añade también los altos precios de los derechos de emisiones de CO2, en máximos históricos, por encima de los 50 euros/tonelada, lo que ha elevado los costes de producción de los ciclos combinados, costes que trasladan en sus ofertas de electricidad en el mercado mayorista.
Las principales economías europeas han sufrido una fuerte escalada del precio de la electricidad en el primer semestre de 2021 respecto a su media de los últimos cinco años, siendo Alemania donde la subida ha sido mayor (54,9%) y España donde menos, un 26,9%, mientras en Francia el precio ha subido un 43,9% y en Italia un 35,1%.
Ciudades que cuesta reconocer por la contaminación
Bangladeshi people make their move in polluted air environment in Dhaka on November 25,2019. Bangladesh, one of the most densely-populated countries in the world, has been struggling with air pollution for a long time, while Dhaka has continued ...
A woman sells rose petals on a bridge amid the heavy smog condition in Lahore on November 21, 2019. (Photo by Arif ALI / AFP) (Photo by ARIF ALI/AFP via Getty Images)
Birds sit on a ferris wheel amid heavy smog conditions in Lahore on November 21, 2019. (Photo by Arif ALI / AFP) (Photo by ARIF ALI/AFP via Getty Images)
NEW DELHI, INDIA- NOVEMBER 23: Smog engulfs the sky, many areas in the Delhi-National Capital Region recorded air quality in the very poor pollutant in New Delhi. (Photo by Qamar Sibtain /India Today Group/Getty Images)
NEW DELHI, INDIA - NOVEMBER 25: A view of the South Block engulfed in smog, at Central Secretariat, on November 25, 2019 in New Delhi, India. Pollution levels in Delhi-National Capital Region increased marginally on Tuesday, mainly due to slow w...
NEW DELHI, INDIA- NOVEMBER 23: Smog engulfs the sky, many areas in the Delhi-National Capital Region recorded air quality in the very poor pollutant in New Delhi. (Photo by Qamar Sibtain /India Today Group/Getty Images)
Buildings shrouded in smog, are pictured as Mexico's government ordered schools in and around Mexico City to be closed on Thursday due to elevated levels of pollution, in Mexico City, Mexico May 16, 2019. REUTERS/Henry Romero
Buildings shrouded in smog, are pictured as Mexico's government ordered schools in and around Mexico City to be closed on Thursday due to elevated levels of pollution, in Mexico City, Mexico May 16, 2019. REUTERS/Henry Romero
Smog is seen over central Madrid, Spain, December 28, 2016. REUTERS/Paul Hanna
MADRID, SPAIN - 2018/12/11: A man seen enjoying the view through smog of Madrid skyline, where air pollution reaching dangerous levels for human health by the very high concentration of nitrogen dioxide. (Photo by John Milner/SOPA Images/LightRo...
Paris: overview of the city from 'avenue d'Italie', in the 13th arrondissement (district). Overview of the city with its buildings, the skyscraper ' tour Montparnasse ' and the Eiffel Tower with a cloud of pollution over the Paris urban area. (P...
The heavy air pollution and smog, on January 4, 2019. View from the Monte dei Cappuccini on the capital of the Northern Italien region Piedmont Turin, on January 4, 2019. (Photo by Alexander Pohl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
This picture taken on December 3, 2018 shows the parliament building surrounded by the smog covering Sofia as air pollution reaches "very unhealthy" level. (Photo by Dimitar DILKOFF / AFP) (Photo credit should read DIMITAR DILKOFF/AFP vi...
Smog over the Olivia Business Centre skyscrapers is seen in Gdansk, Poland on 8 November 2019 (Photo by Michal Fludra/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
KRAKOW, POLAND - 2018/12/13: Smog is seen above the residential areas.
Today, due to the high levels of air pollution above EU norms, the air quality index (AQI) of PM 2.5 is over 163. The city council introduced free public transport for safet...
Downtown Kyiv, Ukraine, October 25, 2019. The city's authorities persuade residents of clean air and misty weather, while the Air Quality Index (for particles PM 2.5) exceeds the norm 3-4 times in different parts of Kyiv. (Photo by Sergii Kharch...
Capital Pristina is covered in smog caused by ailing power plants, Kosovo, February 2, 2017. Picture taken February 2, 2017. REUTERS/Hazir Reka
St. Sava church is seen in smog during air pollution in Belgrade, Serbia, October 23, 2019. Picture taken October 23, 2019. REUTERS/Marko Djurica
Residental buildings are seen in smog during air pollution in Belgrade, Serbia, October 24, 2019. REUTERS/Marko Djurica
A man stops to take a picture of the Utah State Capitol (L) and buildings that are shrouded in smog in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. December 12, 2017. Sometimes during the winter, temperature inversions form in the Salt Lake Valley, when ...
Tall buildings are shrouded in smog in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. December 12, 2017. Sometimes during the winter, temperature inversions form in Salt Lake Valley, when the upper air temperature is warmer than the air on the valley floor...
A girl looks on National Monument (Monas) as smog covers the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia, July 4, 2019. REUTERS/Willy Kurniawan
A general view of buildings as smog covers the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia, July 29, 2019 in this photo taken by Antara Foto. Picture taken July 29, 2019 Antara Foto/Indrianto Eko Suwarso/ via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS P...
A man walks amid smog as smoke rises from chimneys in Sukhbaatar district of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia January 31, 2019. Picture taken January 31, 2019. REUTERS/B. Rentsendorj
People walk amid smog in Sukhbaatar district of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia January 31, 2019. Picture taken January 31, 2019. REUTERS/B. Rentsendorj
People walk on a bridge in front of the financial district of Pudong, which is covered in smog, during a polluted day in Shanghai, China November 28, 2018. REUTERS/Aly Song TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
A man takes picture on a bridge in front of the financial district of Pudong covered in smog during a polluted day in Shanghai, China November 28, 2018. REUTERS/Aly Song
A man takes picture on a bridge in front of the financial district of Pudong covered in smog during a polluted day in Shanghai, China November 28, 2018. REUTERS/Aly Song
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Bangladeshi people make their move in polluted air environment in Dhaka on November 25,2019. Bangladesh, one of the most densely-populated countries in the world, has been struggling with air pollution for a long time, while Dhaka has continued ...
Bangladeshi people make their move in polluted air environment in Dhaka on November 25,2019. Bangladesh, one of the most densely-populated countries in the world, has been struggling with air pollution for a long time, while Dhaka has continued ...
A woman sells rose petals on a bridge amid the heavy smog condition in Lahore on November 21, 2019. (Photo by Arif ALI / AFP) (Photo by ARIF ALI/AFP via Getty Images)
Birds sit on a ferris wheel amid heavy smog conditions in Lahore on November 21, 2019. (Photo by Arif ALI / AFP) (Photo by ARIF ALI/AFP via Getty Images)
NEW DELHI, INDIA- NOVEMBER 23: Smog engulfs the sky, many areas in the Delhi-National Capital Region recorded air quality in the very poor pollutant in New Delhi. (Photo by Qamar Sibtain /India Today Group/Getty Images)
NEW DELHI, INDIA - NOVEMBER 25: A view of the South Block engulfed in smog, at Central Secretariat, on November 25, 2019 in New Delhi, India. Pollution levels in Delhi-National Capital Region increased marginally on Tuesday, mainly due to slow w...
NEW DELHI, INDIA- NOVEMBER 23: Smog engulfs the sky, many areas in the Delhi-National Capital Region recorded air quality in the very poor pollutant in New Delhi. (Photo by Qamar Sibtain /India Today Group/Getty Images)
Buildings shrouded in smog, are pictured as Mexico's government ordered schools in and around Mexico City to be closed on Thursday due to elevated levels of pollution, in Mexico City, Mexico May 16, 2019. REUTERS/Henry Romero
Buildings shrouded in smog, are pictured as Mexico's government ordered schools in and around Mexico City to be closed on Thursday due to elevated levels of pollution, in Mexico City, Mexico May 16, 2019. REUTERS/Henry Romero
MADRID, SPAIN - 2018/12/11: A man seen enjoying the view through smog of Madrid skyline, where air pollution reaching dangerous levels for human health by the very high concentration of nitrogen dioxide. (Photo by John Milner/SOPA Images/LightRo...
Paris: overview of the city from 'avenue d'Italie', in the 13th arrondissement (district). Overview of the city with its buildings, the skyscraper ' tour Montparnasse ' and the Eiffel Tower with a cloud of pollution over the Paris urban area. (P...
The heavy air pollution and smog, on January 4, 2019. View from the Monte dei Cappuccini on the capital of the Northern Italien region Piedmont Turin, on January 4, 2019. (Photo by Alexander Pohl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
This picture taken on December 3, 2018 shows the parliament building surrounded by the smog covering Sofia as air pollution reaches "very unhealthy" level. (Photo by Dimitar DILKOFF / AFP) (Photo credit should read DIMITAR DILKOFF/AFP vi...
KRAKOW, POLAND - 2018/12/13: Smog is seen above the residential areas.
Today, due to the high levels of air pollution above EU norms, the air quality index (AQI) of PM 2.5 is over 163. The city council introduced free public transport for safet...
Downtown Kyiv, Ukraine, October 25, 2019. The city's authorities persuade residents of clean air and misty weather, while the Air Quality Index (for particles PM 2.5) exceeds the norm 3-4 times in different parts of Kyiv. (Photo by Sergii Kharch...
A man stops to take a picture of the Utah State Capitol (L) and buildings that are shrouded in smog in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. December 12, 2017. Sometimes during the winter, temperature inversions form in the Salt Lake Valley, when ...
Tall buildings are shrouded in smog in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. December 12, 2017. Sometimes during the winter, temperature inversions form in Salt Lake Valley, when the upper air temperature is warmer than the air on the valley floor...
A general view of buildings as smog covers the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia, July 29, 2019 in this photo taken by Antara Foto. Picture taken July 29, 2019 Antara Foto/Indrianto Eko Suwarso/ via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS P...
A man walks amid smog as smoke rises from chimneys in Sukhbaatar district of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia January 31, 2019. Picture taken January 31, 2019. REUTERS/B. Rentsendorj
People walk on a bridge in front of the financial district of Pudong, which is covered in smog, during a polluted day in Shanghai, China November 28, 2018. REUTERS/Aly Song TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
A man takes picture on a bridge in front of the financial district of Pudong covered in smog during a polluted day in Shanghai, China November 28, 2018. REUTERS/Aly Song