La historia la escriben los vencedores, por lo que la inmensa mayoría de análisis y quinielas se centran en los efectos para EEUU y el mundo de la victoria de Barack Obama o Mitt Romney.
Sin embargo, la derrota de cualquiera de los dos candidatos tendrá también efectos para el país y el partido en cuestión. La derrota tiene muchos padres. Te resumimos los tres más importantes que podrían salirle a cada candidato:
SI ROMNEY PIERDE
Será el fin de su carrera
Es la segunda vez que Romney intenta ser presidente de EEUU. En la primera ocasión, perdió contra John McCain, en las primarias del partido celebradas en 2008. Entonces nadie apostó con fuerza por el ex gobernador de Massachusetts para 2012, pero acabó convirtiéndose en candidato. Si Romney pierde, asumirá gran parte de la responsabilidad de la derrota y se argumentará la estrategia de su campaña y sus dotes como candidato, que hicieron aguas en momentos clave. El desprecio por el 47% de los ciudadanos o sus dudas sobre la capacidad del Reino Unido para organizar los juegos olímpicos (expresadas en Londres y en la víspera) ayudan a alimentar esa digestión de la derrota.
Travesía del desierto del partido republicano
Aunque consiga retener el Congreso, como parece, el partido republicano está abocado a una reflexión profunda sobre cómo fue posible que, en plena crisis económica y contra un Obama cuya fuerza no es ni la sombra de la de 2008, fueron incapaces de lograr la presidencia. Aunque Romney cedió finalmente ante el Tea Party y nominó a Paul Ryan como candidato a vicepresidente, el partido republicano nunca ha visto al presidenciable como uno de los suyos. La derrota en las urnas podría ser la justificación del Tea Party para alcanzar todavía mayor protagonismo en la dirección del partido, desplazando incluso a la derecha el centro del debate político en el país.
Las excusas: Sandy
"Si no fuese por la tormenta, Romney habría tenido más oportunidades para hablar del déficit, de la deuda, de la economía", aseguró Karl Rove, uno de los mayores estrategas republicanos. "Cuando la atención va de una cosa a otra, y después a otra y a otra, no es en favor de Romney", añadió. En ese tono se pronunciaron otros líderes republicanos, que consideran que la "supertormenta Sandy", como se le conoce en EEUU, puede haberles privado de un triunfo hacia el que se encaminaban en especial tras vencer en el primero de los debates televisados.
SI OBAMA PIERDE
El fin de un sueño
Obama tiene una mayor aceptación que Romney en su partido. Mientras que el republicano ha tenido muchos críticos, incluso cuando tocaba hacer piña, el presidente es visto como un símbolo. Su principal valedor y eje de campaña, por su popularidad, es el marido de su antigua contrincante: Bill Clinton. A pesar de la campaña agresiva, que poco tiene que ver con la de 2008, los demócratas se sienten identificados mayoritariamente con un presidente que por primera vez es afroamericano. Pero también con su lucha contra la crisis y su defensa de los derechos civiles. Su derrota, que los demócratas temen pero no acaban de vislumbrar, sería el fin de un sueño, la ruptura en mil pedazos de un símbolo.
Retroceso en sanidad
Es uno de los grandes logros del presidente, por el que pagó un precio altísimo. Fue también el saco de boxeo republicano, por lo que Romney haría todo lo posible por acabar con ella si es elegido presidente. De alguna manera, la ley sanitaria impulsada por Obama acercó un poco a su país a Europa e hizo realidad uno de los sueños históricos de los republicanos. En palabras de Alan Solomont, el embajador de EEUU en España, "aquí se debate si tendría que tener un copago para la atención sanitaria y nosotros estamos debatiendo si debería haber un seguro médico que cubra a todo el mundo".
¿La vuelta de Hillary Clinton?
Aunque la secretaria de Estado demócrata se integró en el Gobierno de Obama y lo apoyó hasta el final (por lo que no puede desvincularse), Hillary Clinton ha dejado caer que su intención de jubilarse en este mandato podría no ser irreversible. De la misma manera que en 2008 era muy prematuro apostar por Romney, también ahora lo es hacerlo por Clinton para 2016, habida cuenta de los otros barones demócratas (y cualquier otro candidato, tomando el ejemplo del propio Obama) podrían erigirse en duros rivales. Pero Clinton no está muerta políticamente, y podría volver.
TODO SOBRE LAS ELECCIONES
Galería de fotos sobre los perdedores de las elecciones (de nuestra edición en EEUU)
100 Years Of Election Night Losers
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., gestures to his supporters, while his wife, Cindy looks on during his concession speech at the Arizona Biltmore in Phoenix, Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
Former Democratic presidential candidate U.S. Senator John Kerry (D-MA) stands on stage with his wife Teresa Heinz Kerry after delivering his concession speech at Faneuil Hall on November 3, 2004 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Chris Hondros...
Democratic presidental candidate Al Gore leaves the voting booth after casting his vote at Forks River Elementry School in Elmwood, Tennessee on November 7, 2000. (TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)
Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole lowers his head while making his concession speech to supporters at a Washington hotel, on Tuesday, Nov. 5, 1996. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
U.S. President George Bush concedes the election on Nov. 3, 1992 after losing to President-elect Bill Clinton. (BOB DAEMMRICH/AFP/Getty Images)
U.S. independent presidential candidate Ross Perot delivers his concession speech on November 3, 1992 after Democrat Bill Clinton won the presidential election. (Photo credit should read PAUL RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis wipes his upper lip during the first presidential debate with his opponent U.S. Vice President George Bush in Winston-Salem, N.C. on Sept. 25, 1988. (AP Photo/Bob Jordan)
Defeated presidential hopeful Walter Mondale addresses supporters at night, Tuesday, Nov. 7, 1984 at the St. Paul Civic center, conceding to President Reagan. (AP Photo/Jim Mone)
U.S. President Jimmy Carter concedes defeat in the presidential election as he addresses a group of Carter-Mondale supporters in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, Nov. 4, 1980. (AP Photo/Barry Thumma)
President Gerald Ford speaks in the White House Press Room in Washington on November 3, 1976, conceding defeat to Jimmy Carter. (AP photo/ stf)
Sen. George McGovern and his family in Sioux Falls, election night, Nov. 7, 1972 after he was defeated by Richard Nixon, and conceding the election. (AP Photo)
Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey spaks at the Alfred E. Smith memorial dinner in Waldorf Astoria on Oct. 16, 1968 in New York. (AP Photo/John Lent)
A contact sheet of Republican senator Barry Morris Goldwater of Arizona concedes the 1964 presidential election to President Lyndon Johnson at a press conference held at his campaign headquarters at the Camelback Inn, Phoenix, Arizona, on Novemb...
Vice President Nixon points to home-made sign at airport as he arrives in home state to cast his ballot on Nov. 8, 1960 in Ontario, California. (AP Photo)
Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts talks with Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson on August 12, 1956 in Chicago. (AP Photo)
Movie Actress Piper Laurie (left) is wearing a donkey head beauty spot on her cheek as she chats with Gov. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Democratic presidential nominee in Portland on Sept. 8, 1952. (AP Photo)
Dewey ran as the presidential candidate of the Republican Party in the elections of 1944 and 1948. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Thomas Dewey (1902 - 1971) Governor of the State of New York broadcasting over the 'Crusade of Freedom' radio. Dewey was the presidential candidate of the Republican Party in the elections of 1944 and 1948. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
Wendell Willkie, rehearses a report to the nation at a New York City radio station on Oct. 26, 1942. Willkie was President Roosevelt's personal representative, and his Republican opponent in the 1940 presidential elections. (AP Photo/Murray Becker)
Gov. Alf M. Landon, G.O.P. presidential nominee, voting in Independence, Kansas on Nov. 3, 1936. (AP Photo)
Herbert Hoover is shown leaving Madison Square Garden, Oct. 31, 1932 in New York City, after delivering his major campaign address before a crowd estimated at 22,000. (AP Photo)
Governor Alfred E. Smith speaks in New York on Nov. 2, 1928. (AP Photo)
John W. Davis, Democratic nominee for President of the U.S., and his wife, are pictured on the estate of Charles Dana Gibson at Seven Hundred Acre Island in Dark Harbor, Maine on July 21, 1924. (AP Photo)
Democratic candidates for the presidency and vice-presidency of the United States, Governor James M Cox and Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 - 1945) are seen at the head of a nomination parade in Dayton, Ohio on Nov. 1, 1920. (Photo by Topical Pr...
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Theodore Roosevelt during the progressive campaign of 1912. (AP Photo)
Theodore Roosevelt during the progressive campaign of 1912. (AP Photo)
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Republican presidential candidate, Mitt Romney, speaks at the podium as he concedes the presidency on November 7, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Matthew Cavanaugh/Getty Images)
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., gestures to his supporters, while his wife, Cindy looks on during his concession speech at the Arizona Biltmore in Phoenix, Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2008. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
Former Democratic presidential candidate U.S. Senator John Kerry (D-MA) stands on stage with his wife Teresa Heinz Kerry after delivering his concession speech at Faneuil Hall on November 3, 2004 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Chris Hondros...
Democratic presidental candidate Al Gore leaves the voting booth after casting his vote at Forks River Elementry School in Elmwood, Tennessee on November 7, 2000. (TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)
Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole lowers his head while making his concession speech to supporters at a Washington hotel, on Tuesday, Nov. 5, 1996. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
U.S. independent presidential candidate Ross Perot delivers his concession speech on November 3, 1992 after Democrat Bill Clinton won the presidential election. (Photo credit should read PAUL RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis wipes his upper lip during the first presidential debate with his opponent U.S. Vice President George Bush in Winston-Salem, N.C. on Sept. 25, 1988. (AP Photo/Bob Jordan)
Defeated presidential hopeful Walter Mondale addresses supporters at night, Tuesday, Nov. 7, 1984 at the St. Paul Civic center, conceding to President Reagan. (AP Photo/Jim Mone)
U.S. President Jimmy Carter concedes defeat in the presidential election as he addresses a group of Carter-Mondale supporters in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, Nov. 4, 1980. (AP Photo/Barry Thumma)
Sen. George McGovern and his family in Sioux Falls, election night, Nov. 7, 1972 after he was defeated by Richard Nixon, and conceding the election. (AP Photo)
A contact sheet of Republican senator Barry Morris Goldwater of Arizona concedes the 1964 presidential election to President Lyndon Johnson at a press conference held at his campaign headquarters at the Camelback Inn, Phoenix, Arizona, on Novemb...
Vice President Nixon points to home-made sign at airport as he arrives in home state to cast his ballot on Nov. 8, 1960 in Ontario, California. (AP Photo)
Movie Actress Piper Laurie (left) is wearing a donkey head beauty spot on her cheek as she chats with Gov. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Democratic presidential nominee in Portland on Sept. 8, 1952. (AP Photo)
Thomas Dewey (1902 - 1971) Governor of the State of New York broadcasting over the 'Crusade of Freedom' radio. Dewey was the presidential candidate of the Republican Party in the elections of 1944 and 1948. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
Wendell Willkie, rehearses a report to the nation at a New York City radio station on Oct. 26, 1942. Willkie was President Roosevelt's personal representative, and his Republican opponent in the 1940 presidential elections. (AP Photo/Murray Becker)
Herbert Hoover is shown leaving Madison Square Garden, Oct. 31, 1932 in New York City, after delivering his major campaign address before a crowd estimated at 22,000. (AP Photo)
John W. Davis, Democratic nominee for President of the U.S., and his wife, are pictured on the estate of Charles Dana Gibson at Seven Hundred Acre Island in Dark Harbor, Maine on July 21, 1924. (AP Photo)
Democratic candidates for the presidency and vice-presidency of the United States, Governor James M Cox and Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 - 1945) are seen at the head of a nomination parade in Dayton, Ohio on Nov. 1, 1920. (Photo by Topical Pr...